Detailed Explanation Of The Working Principle And Application Scenarios Of Lithium-Ion Battery Energy Storage Power Station

Image: Dennis Schroeder/NREL

The energy storage market, especially the lithium-ion battery energy storage market, is considered to have a broad market space and diverse application scenarios. The energy storage sector has been boosted by a number of grid-side projects, both in terms of new installed capacity and scale of operations. Many domestic and foreign lithium-ion battery companies also regard energy storage systems (ESS) as another blue ocean besides power lithium batteries and actively deploy them.

The working principle of lithium-ion battery energy storage power station

The working principle of emergency lithium battery energy storage vehicles or megawatt-level fixed energy storage power stations is to directly convert high-power lithium-ion battery packs into single-phase and three-phase AC power through inverters. Usually, you only need to freely choose the charging time period to charge the battery pack. 

When the lithium-ion battery pack is fully charged, it can be called at any time. The energy storage battery is an indispensable part of the solar photovoltaic power generation system to store energy and electric energy. Its important function is to store the electric energy of the photovoltaic power generation system and to supply power to the load when the sunlight is insufficient, at night, and in emergency conditions.

1. Charging

Emergency lithium battery energy storage vehicles or megawatt-level fixed energy storage power stations are set with slow and fast charging sockets. The fast and slow charging method is to control the length of charging time by selecting different charging currents. The whole charging process is monitored by an intelligent management system. When the voltage of any single cell of the lithium-ion battery reaches the set value, the charger will automatically terminate the charging of the battery pack.

2. Discharge

Emergency energy storage vehicles or megawatt-level fixed energy storage power stations are specially designed with output interfaces (generally, two types of high-power three-phase output interfaces and conventional single-phase output sockets are designed according to user requirements).

3. Maintenance

Usually, you only need to check the indicators of every single battery on the display screen of the lithium-ion battery management system, and no manual maintenance is required. The battery management system is provided with a knowable capacity display, voltage display, and display of the temperature of every single battery and its minimum or maximum voltage.

Lithium-ion battery energy storage power station application scenarios

As an emerging application scenario, energy storage lithium-ion batteries have gradually attracted attention. Energy storage is one of the important means to solve the intermittent volatility of new energy wind power and photovoltaics and realize the function of "shaving peaks and flat valleys". In the practical application of lithium battery energy storage in my country, renewable energy grid connection, user side, grid side, and auxiliary services are the four most important areas.

1. Energy storage emergency power supply vehicle

The energy storage emergency power supply vehicle is composed of the lithium-ion battery pack, inverter, battery management system, etc. The inverter directly converts the battery into single-phase and three-phase alternating current. 

Usually, you only need to freely choose the charging time period to charge the battery pack. When the battery pack is fully charged, it can be called at any time within a year, and there is no need for a floating charge. 

We can supply 100KW, 1000KW, 5000KW, and megawatt-class mobile emergency energy storage vehicles, which can be used for national defense and military fields, civil disaster relief, or large-scale public events. Usually, it is fully charged with low valley power, and it is ready to be sent to the destination at any time.

2. Energy storage stationary power station

The energy storage fixed power station is composed of the lithium-ion battery pack, BMS management system, PCS converter system, EMS energy monitoring system, auxiliary systems (including temperature control, fire protection, etc.), and is a power station-type energy storage system installed in a container. 

Because lithium-ion batteries have low self-discharge, they do not need to be kept in a floating charge state for a long time like traditional lead-acid batteries or nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries. 

The energy storage power station is combined with the new energy power generation system to become the distributed power source of the independent micro-grid. It is suitable for supplying reliable power supply in areas without electricity or lack of electricity, and can also provide peak shifting and valley filling and peak shaving, and frequency regulation services for large power grids.

The battery energy storage power station can be combined with distributed/centralized new energy power generation, which is one of the effective ways to solve the problem of new energy power generation grid connection. It has become a major key technology supporting my country's clean energy development strategy.

3. Communication backup power supply

In addition, 50,000-100,000 new base stations will be built every year, which will bring about 1.2-2.4GWh of lithium battery demand. In total, there will be about 10GWh of battery demand per year, which will be met by iron-lithium-ion batteries and cascade utilization batteries.

Lithium-ion battery energy storage technology has the advantages of high efficiency, application flexibility, and fast response speed, and gradually occupies an increasingly important position in the power storage market. Lithium-ion batteries can be used in power quality, reliability control, backup power, peak shaving, energy management, renewable energy storage, etc.

The above introduces the working principle of lithium-ion battery energy storage systems in energy storage power stations. The lithium-ion energy storage system has amazing performance in other fields. If you have related needs, please contact us.

RENON is a professional R&D custom lithium battery energy storage system manufacturer. We provide various solutions for lithium battery energy storage systems. With independent research and development capabilities and focus on ESS solutions, RENON is a leading supplier of BMS, ESS, modules, and monitoring systems. Our business scope integrates R&D, design, production, and sales. We are committed to providing you with safe, lightweight, and long-lasting green energy products.

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